12. Sınıf İngilizce Manners 2: Etiquette, Modals ve Cultural Differences Testi

🇬🇧 Manners — Etiquette, Modals & Cultural Differences

📌 Modal Verbs of Advice & Obligation

• should + V1: -meli (tavsiye) — “You should be polite.”
• ought to + V1: -meli (sosyal/ahlaki beklenti — should’a benzer ama biraz daha formal)
• must + V1: -meli (güçlü zorunluluk) — “You must respect elders.”
• have to + V1: -meli (dış zorunluluk)
• mustn’t + V1: yapmamalı (yasak) — “You mustn’t interrupt.”
• don’t have to / need not + V1: mecbur değil — “You don’t have to bring a gift.”

⚡ Polite Expressions (Kibar İfadeler)

• Excuse me = Affedersiniz (yabancıya yaklaşırken)
• Pardon (me)? = “Anlamadım?” / Pardon (formal)
• Sorry = Üzgünüm (yanlış yaptıktan sonra)
• Please / Thank you / You’re welcome = temel kibarlık üçlüsü
• I’d appreciate it if… = …takdir ederim (kibar rica)
• It would be great if… = …harika olur (dolaylı rica)

🌍 Cultural Differences (Kültürel Farklılıklar)

• Japan: Bow when greeting; remove shoes when entering home; use chopsticks correctly (don’t stick them upright in rice).
• Western countries: Firm handshake when meeting; eye contact; punctuality important; tipping at restaurants (US: 15-20%).
• Middle East: Use right hand for eating/greeting; remove shoes when entering mosques; modest clothing.
• India: Namaste greeting; eat with right hand; remove shoes at temples and homes.
• Turkey: Take off shoes when entering homes; respect for elders (kissing hands); offering food/drink to guests.

🍽️ Table Manners (Masa Adabı)

Don’t chew with your mouth open. Don’t talk with food in your mouth. Don’t put elbows on the table. Wait until everyone is served before eating. Don’t reach across the table; ask “Could you pass the salt, please?”

⚠️ Dikkat: “ought” zorunlu olarak “to” alır → “You ought to apologize.” (NOT “You ought apologize.”)