📜 Biographies
7. Sınıf İngilizce Konu Anlatımı – Ünlü Kişilerin Hayat Hikayeleri
📚 Biographies Unitesinde Neler Öğrenecegiz?
Bu ünitede ünlü kişilerin hayat hikayelerini (biyografilerini) İngilizce okuma ve yazmayı öğreneceğiz. Biyografilerde Simple Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman) kullanılır çünkü geçmişte yasanmis olayları anlatiyoruz.
Bu Unitenin Hedefleri:
- Simple Past Tense yapısını öğrenme (olumlu, olumsuz, soru)
- Was/Were kullanımini kavrama
- Regular (düzenli) ve Irregular (düzensiz) fiilleri tanıma
- Tarih ifadelerini (in, on, at the age of, when) kullanma
- Ünlü kişilerin biyografilerini okuma ve anlama
- Kendi biyografi metninizi yazabilme
📖 Simple Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman)
Simple Past Tense, geçmişte olan ve bitmis eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. Biyografilerde en çok kullanılan zaman kalıbıdır.
Olumlu Cümle Yapısı (Affirmative)
Subject + Verb (V2) + Object/Complement
| English | Turkish |
|---|---|
| He lived in İstanbul. | İstanbul’da yasadı. |
| She studied mediçine. | Tip okudu. |
| They became famous. | Ünlü oldular. |
| He won a Nobel Prize. | Nobel Odulu kazandi. |
| She wrote many books. | Birçok kitap yazdi. |
Dikkat: Olumlu cümlede fiil 2. hali (V2) kullanılır. Düzenli fiillerde sona -ed eklenir, düzensiz fiillerin ise özel halleri vardır.
Olumsuz Cümle Yapısı (Negative)
Subject + didn’t + Verb (V1) + Object
| English | Turkish |
|---|---|
| He didn’t live in Ankara. | Ankara’da yaşamadı. |
| She didn’t study law. | Hukuk okumadı. |
| They didn’t become teachers. | Öğretmen olmadı. |
Önemli Kural: Olumsuz cümlede didn’t kullanılır ve fiil 1. haline (V1) döner! “He didn’t lived” YANLIŞ, “He didn’t live” DOĞRU.
Soru Cümlesi Yapısı (Question)
Did + Subject + Verb (V1) + Object?
| Question | Short Answer |
|---|---|
| Did he live in Türkey? | Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. |
| Did she write novels? | Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. |
| Did they win a prize? | Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. |
Dikkat: Soru cümlelerinde de fiil 1. haline (V1) döner! “Did he lived?” YANLIŞ, “Did he live?” DOĞRU.
🔄 Was / Were Kullanımı
Was/Were, “be” fiilinin geçmiş zaman halidır. Biyografilerde çok sik kullanılır.
| Subject | Olumlu | Olumsuz | Soru |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | was | wasn’t | Was…? |
| We / You / They | were | weren’t | Were…? |
Örnek Cümleler:
- He was born in 1881. (1881’de dogdu.)
- She was a famous scientist. (Ünlü bir bilim insaniydi.)
- They were very successful. (Çok başarıliydlar.)
- He wasn’t a teacher. (Öğretmen değildi.)
- Was she a doctor? – Yes, she was. (Doktor muydu? – Evet, oyledi.)
LGS İpucu: Was/were cümlelerinde didn’t KULLANILMAZ! “He didn’t was” YANLIŞ. “He wasn’t” veya “He was not” DOĞRU.
📋 Regular Verbs (Düzenli Fiiller)
Düzenli fiiller geçmiş zamana cekilirken sonlarina -ed eklenir. Ancak eklenme kuralları değişir:
| Kural | V1 | V2 | Açıklama |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genel kural: +ed | play | played | Doğrudan -ed eklenir |
| -e ile biterse: +d | live | lived | Sadece -d eklenir |
| Ünsüz+y: y->ied | study | studied | y duser, -ied eklenir |
| Ünlü+y: +ed | play | played | y kalır, -ed eklenir |
| CVC: son harf 2x | stop | stopped | Son ünsüz ikiye katlanir |
Biyografilerde Çok Kullanılan Düzenli Fiiller:
| V1 | V2 | Anlamı |
|---|---|---|
| live | lived | yaşamak |
| study | studied | çalışma / okuma |
| work | worked | çalışmak |
| start | started | başlamak |
| discover | discovered | kesfetmek |
| graduate | graduated | mezun olmak |
| travel | travelled | seyahat etmek |
| die | died | olmek |
📖 Irregular Verbs (Duzensiz Fiiller)
Duzensiz fiillerin geçmiş zaman halleri kurala uymaz, ezberlenmesi gerekir. Iste biyografilerde en çok kullanılan düzensiz fiiller:
| V1 (Base) | V2 (Past) | Anlamı |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | olmak |
| become | became | olmak, haline gelmek |
| begin | began | başlamak |
| build | built | insa etmek |
| come | came | gelmek |
| die | died | olmek |
| find | found | bulmak / kurmak |
| get | got | almak, elde etmek |
| give | gave | vermek |
| go | went | gitmek |
| have | had | sahip olmak |
| know | knew | bilmek |
| make | made | yapmak |
| win | won | kazanmak |
| write | wrote | yazmak |
📅 Tarih Ifadeleri (Expressing Dateş and Time)
Biyografilerde tarihleri doğru ifade etmek çok önemlidir. Iste kullanılan yapılar:
| Yapı | Kullanım | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|---|
| in + yil | Yıl belirtmek için | He was born in 1881. | 1881’de dogdu. |
| on + tarih | Gün ve ay için | She died on 10 November. | 10 Kasım’da oldu. |
| at the age of | Yas belirtmek | He died at the age of 57. | 57 yasinda oldu. |
| when + clause | Zaman belirtmek | When he was 12, he went to school. | 12 yasindayken okula gitti. |
| from…to… | Dönem belirtmek | He lived from 1881 to 1938. | 1881’den 1938’e kadar yasadı. |
| between…and… | Aralık belirtmek | He worked between 1920 and 1938. | 1920 ile 1938 arası çalıştı. |
💼 Meslek ve Başarı Kelimeleri (Vocabulary)
Meslekler (Professions)
| English | Turkish | English | Turkish |
|---|---|---|---|
| scientist | bilim insani | inventor | mucit |
| leader | lider | politician | politikaci |
| artist | sanatci | musician | muzisyen |
| writer | yazar | poet | sair |
| explorer | kasif | architect | mimar |
Başarı Kelimeleri (Achievement Words)
| English | Turkish | Örnek Cümle |
|---|---|---|
| achievement | başarı | His greateşt achievement was… |
| discover | kesfetmek | She discovered a new element. |
| invent | icat etmek | He invented the telephone. |
| found | kurmak | He founded the Republic. |
| win a prize | odul kazanmak | She won the Nobel Prize. |
| graduate from | mezun olmak | He graduated from university. |
Hayat Olaylari (Life Events)
| English | Turkish | English | Turkish |
|---|---|---|---|
| was born | dogdu | died | oldu |
| grew up | büyüdü | got married | evlendi |
| went to school | okula gitti | moved to | tasindi |
👨🔬 Örnek Biyografi 1: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881 in Thessaloniki (Selanik). He was a great leader and the founder of the Republic of Türkey. When he was young, he went to military school. He graduated from the Military Academy in İstanbul.
He became a soldier and fought in many wars. He was very brave and intelligent. He led the Turkish War of Independence between 1919 and 1923. He founded the Republic of Türkey on 29 October 1923 and became the first president.
Atatürk made many reforms in education, law, and social life. He gave women the right to vote. He changed the alphabet from Arabic to Latin letters. He died on 10 November 1938 in İstanbul at the age of 57. He is known as the “Father of the Türks.”
👩🔬 Örnek Biyografi 2: Marie Curie
Marie Curie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. She was a famous scientist. When she was young, she loved science and mathematics. She moved to Paris to study at the Sorbonne University.
She got married to Pierre Curie in 1895. They worked together and discovered two new elements: polonium and radıum. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Marie Curie died in 1934 at the age of 66. She is remembered as one of the greateşt scientists in history.
✍️ Biyografi Nasıl Yazilir? (How to Write a Biography)
Bir biyografi yazarken su sirayı takip edebilirsin:
| Bölüm | Icerik | Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Giriş | Isim, doğum yeri ve tarihi | ___ was born in ___ in ___. |
| 2. Çocukluk | Buyudugu yer, okul | He/She grew up in ___. He/She went to school in ___. |
| 3. Eğitim | Üniversite, çalışma alani | He/She studied ___ at ___ University. |
| 4. Kariyer | Meslek, önemli isler | He/She became a ___. He/She discovered/invented ___. |
| 5. Başarılar | Oduller, kesfler | He/She won the ___ Prize. His/Her greateşt achievement was ___. |
| 6. Son | Ölüm, miras | He/She died in/on ___ at the age of ___. He/She is remembered as ___. |
⚠️ LGS’de Sık Yapılan Hatalar
| YANLIŞ | DOĞRU | Açıklama |
|---|---|---|
| He didn’t lived | He didn’t live | didn’t’tan sonra V1 kullanılır |
| Did he lived? | Did he live? | Did’ten sonra V1 kullanılır |
| He didn’t was a doctor. | He wasn’t a doctor. | Was/were ile didn’t KULLANILMAZ |
| He borned in 1990. | He was born in 1990. | “born” passive yapıda kullanılır |
| She studyed law. | She studied law. | Ünsüz+y ise y duser, -ied eklenir |
| He died in 10 November. | He died on 10 November. | Gun/tarih için “on”, yıl için “in” |
📝 Konuyu Pekiştirelim
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb
1. Albert Einstein _______ (be/born) in Germany in 1879.
2. He _______ (study) physics at university.
3. He _______ (win) the Nobel Prize in 1921.
4. He _______ (move) to the USA in 1933.
5. He _______ (die) in 1955 at the age of 76.
Answers: 1. was born | 2. studied | 3. won | 4. moved | 5. died
Exercise 2: Make the sentences negative
1. He lived in England. → He ______________________
2. She wrote novels. → She ______________________
3. They became famous. → They ______________________
4. He was a teacher. → He ______________________
Answers: 1. didn’t live in England. | 2. didn’t write novels. | 3. didn’t become famous. | 4. wasn’t a teacher.
Exercise 3: Write questions for the answers
1. Answer: Yes, he did. (live/İstanbul) → ______________________
2. Answer: No, she didn’t. (study/mediçine) → ______________________
3. Answer: Yes, she was. (scientist) → ______________________
Answers: 1. Did he live in İstanbul? | 2. Did she study mediçine? | 3. Was she a scientist?
Exercise 4: Choose the correct preposition (in, on, at)
1. He was born _____ 1881.
2. She died _____ 4 July 1934.
3. He started school _____ the age of 7.
4. They got married _____ 1895.
Answers: 1. in | 2. on | 3. at | 4. in
📌 Konu Özeti
- Biographies ünlü kişilerin hayat hikayesidir, Simple Past Tense kullanılır
- Olumlu: Subject + V2 (He lived in Türkey.)
- Olumsuz: Subject + didn’t + V1 (He didn’t live in Türkey.)
- Soru: Did + Subject + V1? (Did he live in Türkey?)
- Was/Were: I/He/She/It = was, We/You/They = were
- Regular verbs: V1 + ed (live-lived, study-studied)
- Irregular verbs: Özel halleri var (go-went, write-wrote, win-won)
- Tarih: in + yil, on + gun/tarih, at the age of + yas
- Dikkat: didn’t/Did sonrasi V1, was/were ile didn’t KULLANILMAZ
- “was born” kalıbını unutma – “borned” YANLIŞ!
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