7. Sınıf İngilizce Reported Speech Konu Anlatımı

💬 7. Sınıf İngilizce – Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım) Konu Anlatımı

Birinin söylediğini başkasına aktarma: tense (zaman) değişiklikleri, zamir dönüşümleri, zaman/yer ifadesi değişiklikleri, soru ve emir cümleleri aktarma kuralları. LGS’ye yönelik tüm detaylar.

📖 Reported Speech Nedir?

Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım), birinin söylediği sözleri tırnak işareti kullanmadan, kendi cümlelerimizle aktarmaktır.

Direct Speech (Doğrudan Anlatım)	Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım)
Tom said, “I am tired.”	Tom said (that) he was tired.
She said, “I like pizza.”	She said (that) she liked pizza.

Türkçe karşılığı: Ali: “Açım.” → Ali aç olduğunu söyledi.

🔄 Zaman (Tense) Değişiklikleri – Backshift

Reported Speech’te söylenen cümlenin zamanı bir adım geriye kayar. Bu kurala “backshift” denir:

Direct (Doğrudan)	Reported (Dolaylı)	Örnek
Present Simple (am/is/are, V1/Vs)	Past Simple (was/were, V2)	“I like cats.” → She said she liked cats.
Present Continuous (am/is/are + V-ing)	Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing)	“I am studying.” → He said he was studying.
Past Simple (V2)	Past Perfect (had + V3)	“I went home.” → She said she had gone home.
Present Perfect (have/has + V3)	Past Perfect (had + V3)	“I have finished.” → He said he had finished.
will	would	“I will help.” → She said she would help.
can	could	“I can swim.” → He said he could swim.
may	might	“I may be late.” → She said she might be late.
must	had to	“I must go.” → He said he had to go.

🔑 LGS İpucu: En çok sınanan dönüşümler:

am/is → was, are → were
will → would, can → could
like/likes → liked, go/goes → went

👤 Zamir Değişiklikleri

Söyleyen kişinin bakış açısı değiştiği için zamirler de değişir:

Direct	Reported	Örnek
I	he / she	“I am happy.” → He said he was happy.
my	his / her	“My bag is red.” → She said her bag was red.
me	him / her	“Call me.” → He said to call him.
we	they	“We are going.” → They said they were going.
our	their	“Our team won.” → They said their team had won.
us	them	“Help us.” → They asked to help them.

🕐 Zaman ve Yer İfadesi Değişiklikleri

Direct	Reported
now (şimdi)	then (o zaman)
today (bugün)	that day (o gün)
tonight (bu gece)	that night (o gece)
yesterday (dün)	the day before / the previous day
tomorrow (yarın)	the next day / the following day
last week (geçen hafta)	the week before / the previous week
next week (gelecek hafta)	the following week
ago (…önce)	before / earlier
here (burada)	there (orada)
this (bu)	that (o/şu)
these (bunlar)	those (onlar/şunlar)

📝 Düz Cümle Aktarma (Statements)

Özne + said (that) + cümle (backshift uygulanmış)

“that” opsiyoneldir, yazılmasa da olur:

Direct	Reported
“I am hungry.”	He said (that) he was hungry.
“I live in Ankara.”	She said (that) she lived in Ankara.
“We will come tomorrow.”	They said (that) they would come the next day.
“I can’t find my keys.”	He said (that) he couldn’t find his keys.

said vs told

SAID	TOLD
Kime söylendiği belirtilmez	Kime söylendiği belirtilir
He said (that) he was tired.	He told me (that) he was tired.
said + that (nesne yok)	told + kişi + that

⚠️ Dikkat: “He said me that…” ❌ → “He told me that…” ✅ “said” ile kişi arasına “to” gelebilir: “He said to me that…” ✅ ama “said me” YANLIŞSTIR!

❓ Soru Cümlesi Aktarma (Questions)

Yes/No Soruları → asked + if / whether

Özne + asked + if/whether + düz cümle (backshift)

Direct	Reported
“Do you like pizza?”	He asked me if I liked pizza.
“Are you coming?”	She asked if/whether I was coming.
“Can you help me?”	He asked me if I could help him.

Wh- Soruları → asked + wh- + düz cümle

Özne + asked + wh- kelimesi + düz cümle (backshift)

Direct	Reported
“Where do you live?”	He asked me where I lived.
“What are you doing?”	She asked what I was doing.
“Why did you leave?”	He asked me why I had left.

⚠️ Kritik Kural: Reported speech’te soru cümleleri düz cümle sırasına döner!

“Where do you live?” → asked where I lived. (do düşer, soru sırası bozulur)
“What is he doing?” → asked what he was doing. (özne + fiil sırası)
Soru işareti (?) KULLANILMAZ! Reported question nokta (.) ile biter.

📢 Emir ve Rica Cümleleri Aktarma (Commands & Requests)

Olumlu Emir/Rica

Özne + told/asked + kişi + to + V1

Direct	Reported
“Close the door.”	She told me to close the door.
“Please sit down.”	He asked me to sit down.

Olumsuz Emir/Rica

Özne + told/asked + kişi + not to + V1

Direct	Reported
“Don’t touch that!”	She told me not to touch that.
“Don’t be late, please.”	He asked me not to be late.

⚠️ Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Yanlış ❌	Doğru ✅
He said me that he was tired.	He told me that he was tired. (said + kişi ❌, told + kişi ✅)
She said that she is happy.	She said that she was happy. (Backshift: is → was)
He asked where did I live.	He asked where I lived. (Düz cümle sırası! “did” düşer!)
She asked me do I like pizza.	She asked me if I liked pizza. (Yes/no → if/whether kullan!)
He told me don’t go there.	He told me not to go there. (Emir → told + not to + V1)
He said he will come tomorrow.	He said he would come the next day. (will→would, tomorrow→the next day)

✍️ Kendini Test Et

Soru 1: Tom said, “I am going to the cinema.” → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: Tom said (that) he was going to the cinema. I → he, am going → was going (Present Continuous → Past Continuous).

Soru 2: She said, “I will call you tomorrow.” → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: She said (that) she would call me the next day. I → she, will → would, you → me, tomorrow → the next day.

Soru 3: He asked, “Do you like football?” → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: He asked me if/whether I liked football. Yes/No sorusu → asked + if/whether. Do düşer, like → liked (backshift). Düz cümle sırası!

Soru 4: “Where do you live?” she asked. → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: She asked (me) where I lived. Wh- sorusu → asked + wh- kelimesi + düz cümle. “do” düşer, live → lived. Soru sırası bozulur!

Soru 5: The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class!” → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: The teacher told us not to talk in class. Olumsuz emir → told + kişi + not to + V1. “Don’t talk” → “not to talk”.

Soru 6: “said” ve “told” arasındaki fark nedir?

Cevap: Said: Kişi belirtilmez → “He said that…” Told: Kişi belirtilir → “He told me that…” Önemli: “He said me” ❌ ama “He said to me” ✅ veya “He told me” ✅.

Soru 7: She said, “I can speak French.” → Reported speech’e çevirin.

Cevap: She said (that) she could speak French. I → she, can → could (backshift). “Can”in geçmişi “could”dur.

Soru 8: Bu cümle doğru mu? “He asked where did I go yesterday.” Açıklayın.

Cevap: Yanlış! İki hata var: 1) Reported question’da soru sırası olmaz → “did I go” ❌, “I had gone” ✅ (düz cümle). 2) yesterday → the day before. Doğrusu: “He asked where I had gone the day before.”

📌 Konu Özeti

Backshift: am/is → was, are → were, V1 → V2, will → would, can → could
Zamirler: I → he/she, my → his/her, we → they, our → their
Zaman ifadeleri: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day
Düz cümle: said (that) + cümle / told + kişi + (that) + cümle
Yes/No sorusu: asked + if/whether + düz cümle sırası
Wh- sorusu: asked + wh- + düz cümle sırası (do/does/did düşer!)
Emir (+): told/asked + kişi + to + V1
Emir (−): told/asked + kişi + not to + V1
said ≠ told: said + that (kişi yok) / told + kişi + that
Reported soruda soru işareti (?) KULLANILMAZ!

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